w~^ 




Conservation Resources 



'3 



/ 1 




BOSTON 

on 

Maffachufetts 

Bay 



Heating St Piping Contractors 

National Association 

Convention May 31 to June 2 

1921 




JUN -2 1921 



THIS BOOKLET IS PRESExNTED 
BY THE HEATING AND PIPINCx 
CONTRACTORS BOSTON ASSOCI- 
ATION TO ITS FRIENDS, HOPING 
THAT IT WILL CONTRIBUTE 
TO THEIR ENJOYMENT AND 
BE RETAINED AS A SOUVENIR 



COPYRIGHT BY 
THE COMMOmVEALTH PRESS 
WORCESTER & BOSTON 



BOSTON 

on Massachusetts Bay 

A short sketch of the old city, 
with a trip to Marblehead and 
the Program of the Thirty- 
second Annual Convention of 
the Heating and Piping Con- 
tractors National Association, 
May 31 to June 2, 192 1. 



Compiled by Harry Pierce 



r72 

7P6 6 








Courtesy of the Massachusetts Historical Society 
THE BEACON 
Reproduced from a section of "Price's View," 
drawn by William Price in 1743. This is the 
earliest known illustration of Beacon Hill. 



^CU617186 



/Vi. / 




EARLY EXPLORERS 



WHETHER the Norsemen discovered Boston In the year 
1000 — whether Leif Ericson and his wild band ever 
pushed their shield-hung galleys up the waters of the 
Charles — will probably remain an argued question as long as the 
old town exists. That they cruised the coasts of Nova Scotia seems 
accepted; their native legends say they followed southward until 
they found a warmer country where the sun was several hours in 
sight even in the winter months — that they entered the mouth of a 
wide river and made their landing on its bank. Professor Horsford 
claimed to have identified Watertown as the Vinland (or Vineland) 
that they described on their return to their northern home; that 
traces of their walls and docks were still to be seen, with the excava- 
tions of an amphitheatre and the foundations of a fort. The latter 
site Is marked by Norumbega Tower, in Weston, and there is a statue 
to Leif Ericson, ''The Discoverer," on Commonwealth Avenue. 

In 1497 John and Sebastian Cabot explored our coast; and as 
they were In the employ of the English at that time, a claim was made 
on our land by that country. 

[7]' 



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Courtesy Boston Chamber of Commerce 



NORUMBEGA TOWER 



BOSTON ON M A S S A C H IT S E T T S BAY 

About 100 years later in 1602 Bartholomew Gosnold was un- 
successful in an attempt to found a settlement at Martha's Vineyard, 
and in 1614 John Smith, of Pocahontas fame, made a remarkably 
correct map of the Massachusetts shore, wiiich on his return to Eng- 
land he submitted to Charles the First, then Prince of Wales. 

That blithesome ruler marked names on the map for a number 
of the prominent points, and, curiously enough, he picked the name 
of **Plimouth" for that place — the same name that the Pilgrims 
gave it six years after (and which we can be very sure wasn't done 
to agree with Charles). 

COLONIZATION 

The first real colonization came with the Pilgrims. One hundred 
and two hopeful souls, they sailed from Plymouth, England, in the 
"Mayflower," on September 6, 1620, landing on Plymouth Rock, 
December 11 of that year. 

Before they crossed the bay, the little band touched at Province- 
town, on the end of Cape Cod, where the Pilgrim Monument rises 
above the sand dunes to commemorate their path. 

The charter held by the Pilgrims was issued by the Virginia Com- 
pany of London, and the Mayflower should have sailed farther south 
to have been within the jurisdiction of that company. The terrible 
storms that they met, however, made that impossible; indeed, they 
were lucky to reach these shores as they did. A second charter was 
therefore made out in the name of William Bradford, who afterward 
sold its rights to his fellows-voyagers, retaining only enough land 
for his ow^n use. 

In 1628 John Endicott founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony 
at Salem, which soon after came to Charlestown and Boston, and in 
1692 the two colonies were united. 

The original charter of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, dated 
1628, is an imposing document of three pages, each about twenty 
inches high by twenty-eight wide, with elaborate decorations and 
initials. With other colony and state charters, it is carefully pro- 

[9] 



B O S T () N () X M A S S A C H IT S E T T S BAY 




PLYMOUTH ROCK 



Copyright International Fill 



tected by an asbestos casket in the vault of the office of the Secretary 
of State. 

THE FIRST SETTLER 



Boston's first settler was the Reverend William Blaxton, who from 
1625 to 1630 dwelt alone on the south slope of Beacon Hill, near what 
is now the corner of Beacon and Spruce Streets. His little farm 
stretched up the hillside to a spring in the centre of the present Louis- 
burg Square. Here he had his rose garden, and the tame bull on 
which he galloped along the shore. 

His boat was moored at the foot of his farm, for in those da\s 
the waterfront came up to the edge of the Common, following what 
is now Charles Street. Boston was practically an island, the onl\- 
connection with the mainland being a narrow strip known as Roxbur\' 
Neck, which was frequently covered at high tide. The Public Garden, 

[10] 



BOSTON ON M A S S A C H I S E T T S BAY 



W^MWWMWW^WWWWWMi 




v/r/j/.^v/,,^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 



HARBOR 



Boston's provincial and present water-fronts. The black area shows the 
original peninsula of 783 acres — it now has 1,820 acres by the addition of 
the shaded portions. 



the Esplanade, and the Back Bay district of the present time have all 
been built where once flowed the waters of the Charles. 

This homestead site of six acres, which Blaxton reserved when he 
sold the balance of the peninsula to the colonists, afterward became 
part of the estate of the painter, Copley. 

Over in Charlestown Governor Winthrop's little colony was 
suft'ering from the lack of a proper water supply, and the Reverend 
Blaxton went over to see him and "acquaint" him with the fine 
springs on the Boston side of the harbor. From many points there 
ran streams of clear water (Spring Lane, now shut in between its 
high buildings, is named from one), and Winthrop decided to move 
his flock across. 

[11] 



BOSTON ON MASSACHl'SETTS BAY 




Copyright Eastern Aircraft Corporation 
WHERE THE TOWN BEGAN 
Showing Boston's only sky-scraper, the Custom House Tower. Behind its base 
is State Street, the scene of the first little settlement. The Old State House is 
hidden by the buildings in the upper left corner, but Faneuil Hall can be plainly 
seen. The town landing, "Boston Pier," was at the lower right corner. 

So in 1630 the Charlestown colony raised the sum of Thirty 
Pounds by subscription to buy Boston from Blaxton, who was recog- 
nized as its legal owner, and took possession. 

THE FIRST BOSTON 

State Street, at first Market, then King Street, was the centre of 
life of the first Boston. Long Wharf, then called Boston Pier, was 
at its foot — a long narrow jetty extending well out from the shore and 
lined with shops beneath which the tide flowed. 

Here the formal landings of the Royal governors and the British 
troops were made, and here they embarked at the Evacuation. 

[12] 



BOSTON ON MASSACHUSETTS BAY 

At the head of the street stood the market, and on the site of 
the market soon appeared, in 1658, the first Town House, with its 
open space beneath for a free public market or a "walk for merchants." 

Captain Robert Keane, who gave most of the money for the 
building, was also the founder in 1637 of the Ancient and Honorable 
Artillery Company, the oldest military organization in America. 

In the great fire of 1711 the original Town House was completely 
destroyed, but a new one was at once built on the same site. This 
building was damaged by fire in 1747, but the exterior remains the 
same today — Boston's famous ''Old State House." 

By a provision in Captain Keane's will, the original Town House 
held the beginnings of the first public library in America, funds and 
books being bequeathed for that purpose. 

It had another literary distinction, for before it such books and 
literature as the town fathers judged w^ere unorthodox or "works of 
the devil," w^ere burned. Here also, standing near by, were the 
Stocks and Pillory and Whipping Post, for minor offenders, and a 
half century later, the Cage, for the violators of Sunday laws. When 
a citizen's foot slipped in those days there were no protracted legal 
delays — everything was ready and waiting. 

The first church, a small building with mud walls and thatched 
roof, built in 1632, was a few steps farther up the slope. The ancient 
prison, on Prison Lane, now Court Street, was just beyond. Here 
were held the Quakers and, later, the victims of the witchcraft delu- 
sion. Captain Kidd, the pirate, was another prisoner in 1699. It 
was this prison that Hawthorne described in "The Scarlet Letter." 

Afterward, on this same spot, was built the Old Court House, the 
great granite pillars for the portico being quarried in Quincy, then 
Braintree, and drawn to the building by sixty-five yoke of oxen and 
ten horses, to the amazement of the crowds that followed them. 
In the period before the Civil War, this old building was the scene of 
the rescue of Shadrack, the slave being held for return to his master; 
and shortly after, it was surrounded with a guard of chains breast 
high to prevent assistance to another slave, Thomas Sims. In the 
Anthony Burns riot. May 26, 1854, one of the marshal's deputies 
was killed in the assault on the east entrance. 

[13] 




liosidn ( lunnhtr i>i L Dmrnerce 



THE OLD STATE HOUSE 



BOSTON ON M A S S A r H U S P: T T S BAY 



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Courtesy Boslori Chamher of Comtnerce 



THE BOSTON MASSACRE 



The building was designed by Solomon Willard, who was the 
architect of Bunker Hill Monument. The City Hall Annex now 
occupies the site. 

Across the street, in pre-revolutionary days, on the corner of the 
little passageway called Franklin Avenue, was the printing office of 
Benjamin Franklin's brother James, where Ben learned the printer's 
trade as his brother's apprentice. 

The first free WTiting school was up Prison Lane a few steps, where 
the Scollay Square entrance of the subway now stands. This was 
the second school in the town, the first being the Boston Latin on 
School Street, from which that street took its name. The City Hall 
now stands on the site, though the Latin School is still doing its work 
in modern quarters. 

At the head of Prison Lane stood Samuel Cole's Inn, the first 
tavern in Boston, built in 1634, and later known as the "Ship Tavern." 

[15] 



BOSTON OX MASSACHUSETTS BAY 

In the rear of this old hostelry the fire started that destroyed the Town 
House in 1711. 

The walls of the Old State House have looked down on many 
strange and stirring scenes. From the balcony the King's trumpeters 
sounded their blasts to call hearers to the Royal Proclamations or to 
announce successions to the Throne. 

Before them was shed the first blood of the Revolution, when 
British troops fired on the townspeople in the Boston Massacre. The 
spot where the victims fell is marked by a circular design in the 
paving on State Street. 

Beneath, in the old halls, the General Court passed that first 
dignified protest, that "an armament by sea and land, investing the 
Metropolis, and a military guard, w^ith cannon pointed at the very 
door of the State House, where this assembly is held, is inconsistent 
with that dignity, as well as that freedom, w^ith which we have a right 
to deliberate, consult, and determine." 

Here the first daring leaders, Adams and Otis, Quincy, Cushing 
and Warren, faced the king's officers in their resistance to the oppres- 
sions of the Crown. 

From the balcony the Declaration of Independence was first read 
to the citizens, and from it they heard the beloved voice of Washington. 

And in this old building, with the shouts of the populace filling 
the square, John Hancock was inaugurated the first governor of the 
free state of Massachusetts. 

It is small wonder that the folks of Boston look with reverence 
on this venerable structure, and that it is a point of call for every 
stranger who cares for the history of his country. 

THE PROVINCE HOUSE 

The Royal Governors had their residence in the Province House, a 
stately mansion facing the Old South Church, on Washington, then 
Marlboro Street. It was built in 1679 by Peter Sargent, one of the 
special judges appointed to try the witches of the colony. The building 
was of brick, three stories high, and surmounted by a cupola topped 
by a wooden Indian. This old figure is now^ in the collection of the 
Massachusetts Historical Society. 

[16] 



IP 




THE OLD SOUTH CHURCH 



B O S T O X () N M A S S A (^ H IJ S E T T S BAY 

The bricks were imported from Holland, and no expense was 
spared to make it the finest dwelling of the time. The wide lawn was 
adorned with shrubbery and stately trees, and here its builder lived 
for twenty years. 

Then came his Highness, the Earl of Bellomont. Boston had 
been without a resident Governor for four years, and the noble in- 
cumbent came over the road from New York in the first stage coach 
ever seen, accompanied by a cavalcade brilliant with silk and velvet 
and ostrich plumes. There were trumpets, bonfires, and a grand 
reception, winding up with a dinner at the Blue Anchor Tavern. When 
the celebrating was over, the new Governor with his wife and retinue 
were invited to become the guests of Peter Sargent at his fine mansion. 

In 1716 the Province purchased the estate for a Governor's build- 
ing. At that time it was naturally the centre of all the social activities 
of the township; many a minuet was stepped on its polished floors, 
many a punch-bowl emptied in the small hours of the morning. 

An interesting memoir of the old mansion is found in George 
Washington's diary in his own handwriting, when entering his ex- 
penses for his Boston trip in 1756. Gaming among the gentry was 
common, and George frequently dropped in at the Province House; 
hence the item, "Lost at cards, 1 pound, 2 shillings, sixpence." 

After the morning of Evacuation Day the Province House was 
used for government offices. Then by slow changes it became a music 
hall, a home for minstrel performances and an opera house. In 1864 
it was practically destroyed by fire. 

The present Province Street and Court were at one time the 
approaches to the governor's rear grounds and stables; and if you go 
down a little passageway off Province Street, between Court and 
School Street, you may still see one of the original Dutch brick walls 
of the old house. 

OLD SOUTH CHURCH 

Across the street is the Old South Church, built on the site of 
Governor Winthrop's dwelling. The first meeting-house of this 
society was erected in 1670 and in that building Benjamin Franklin 
was baptized. The present edifice was built in 1729, and the interior 

[18] 






The Bolton Ne ws-Letter. 



l^ubUt^cD hv Ziit\)Qutp. 



Fromfl^OnDapMay I. to fl|)oirtJO? May 8. 1704. 

0../.:ttr, from >ie^tmk 8 to n . 1 7 j;. for the Civil Government arc ditninfftt by t)v: War 
,....„.,, ; ' fj^vc, in ConKinflwn with the Srato, G«^^/,Con. 

\ » cftinmacr, No^cmk ,,. , fributcd out oF My Own Revenue towards fbae 

,„ „ ,. , ; , ,,, 'PV.'f'^ScTVKcs.andMrticulaj-lyrheSupfx.rtofthe 

111. M,.mcn, w, i,e,t,l,„ da, , *,«f .'/.. Cifile of f «i,« whofc farm Adherence w the la- 
^,.j^, ^.S ..^ » ,/. //»«/. ./ ^.■„, cc^ll of the AllU tmder the gr.atei Prc(K. Jri 
<:,.-Jeai(dont!^ ihr,Hc,n ikr Unyal Hok,, vcjy well Dtfcrve Our Scufon^ble Affiftancc And 
B-.-i /ic <-/«4/ Sclrmnit), tbt Gentttmen 1 f^oll ftiH be Careful not to enaaEcMv Self in anv 
,y;ff'^rr'''"'' ^"^ "" y"" "t'''/ U-^nca-fl-ary Expcnceof Mv OwVthat^i may hayc 
Av.-/,--::- .-f. d<i- Ihu/c of CcmmcBi, rtqu-r.n^ their At. the, nwre to Sparc towards tlie Eafc of Mv &il'ie£b. 
\u..:r.i„.t: 111 tit Hotife if Pent, rphilher ilxj i.'jttt /■.(CHr. I J r • 

drn-J.', n»J Ihr Majefiy vas flerfed to mnkf e. .msji j Ai> Urdj and Cntlemcn, 
C.^.Uv, S7ee(l, to Ic.'h Hcufti^wbkb faBav>s. ! I Heartily Wlfti fome eafic and Icfs-chatEeabk 

. ,, , , , , 1 Method coukl be found for the bpcedy and Effedu- 

Mr UrJj ^ndCa-.tlcmen, , al Manning of the Fleet. "ie«u- 

T Have Culled^, you tocethcr affoon 2s I thought I I muft alfo Recommend to you to make Cwne Re- 
* you cooid c«iimiK-ntly Oxnc out ofyour Coun- | gulation for Preventing thcExaiSve Price of Coals 
trns, tluit no Timi may be bit in mabog Our Pre- I 1 have Examined this Matter, and talten particular 
pr.itiun^.,r Cairying <m the Prefent War^in which Care to appoint Convoys hr that Scnrice , but the 
I do iii.f Doubt of your Cheerful Concurrence, fince ; Price has not been in the leaft Abated notwithftand- 
you can't b.it be fenfiWe, that on Ac Succefs of it Ing a very confiderable quantity has been Itrporied 
deptnds Our Own Safety and Happinels and that ot fmce that time , This gives great »-o»nd or Sufpici- 
lu'^'ru r \A^n ca t> I «" ^'^may be aCombmaaon oTf>ttc Perfons tc 

1 Hope 1 have toprwed the Confidence you Re- i Ennch themfelvcs by a general Oppr^llon of others 
pok-d m Me la ft Year, to your Satisfaaion and the ' and particularly the Poor ; Twill defer\'c yourCon- 
Advantjce .of Us and Our Allies, by the Treaty Cderation how to Remedy this|ffeatIoconvcni«K». 
u-uh the King o\ Ptniirsl, and the tk^laration oH Amf In all TOur Affairs, I awil KtcomtHcnd to* 
the Duk. of Stftior, which in gr«t Mcafurc may be * you as much Difgatch as the Na^wre of them wU! 
Imputed to the CbecrMncfi with which you Sup- ; admit ; This is J^eccffiuy to make Our Preparation* 
ported Mc in this War, and the All'urance with . early, on which in great MeaJure Depends the sood. 
which you Trufled Mc in the Condud of it : And • Suc(»(s of all Our Eritcrpriit*, ... "^^ 

V\'c cannot fiiiScicatly Acknowledge the Goodncfs 1 want Words to Ejcpreft to f jm My eamcft I>. 
of Almighty God, who is plcafcd to Aftord Us fo Cresof Stating all My Sub)c^ ' m,|i^,ft gc«ce and. 
far a ProfpeiS as We now have, of bringing i« to a Union «nwna thexnlclres: T Iwy^ fl%f Him lb nuch 
Gbriou-'i and SiM|dy Conclufion. •* ' J; ^^ HeaJl as their general Wc^^ «]^ Happmefi • 

I m\ii\ therdip Dcfire yoafitnttttmn ^ th f&u/^-Let Me therefort DefiTe,you'diU,ifk^ jL, wouM 
<^Ccjnmons,to Grant Me fuch Sigsplies aslhaH be' Carefully Avdd any ^fcats orBjfiiVfts '«** may 
rcqu ifrte to Defray the Necefiary Charge of the War ; Difappoint Me <^ that S4tis^<fii<p8^ a^ GiTt £»- 
in the next Year, with regard, not only toallCfef "couragcjucnt to, the ComiD?»Xi^]taaBi«» <^ Oiff 
foiincrJingagcttiefitSjbut particularly toOur Alliascr Chiupi sjiul &atc. ■ , h' r 

fetciy made withtheKingofPcrfjtfa/ forrecovcrSjg I °^, ' . jjb :. . . 

Ae Monarchy of 5/><iJo from the Houfc of Bca»-iwi, , [ I«u&»», DKonlif/^". 

and Rcftoriog it to t^ ,|^fc of AujhU, which ''/"vN Monday thcMarqueife dt Vmetioi, a French 

^-^ Protciknt Refugee, departed tysLife,in the 7z 



Treaty being in it ielfrf the hichefl JtnportsuK? . „_„__, _,^ _...-„.,„. ..^ ,^ 

imaginabkvi.nd requiring all polTib^Difpacch in rh?j year of his Age, leaving behind him a very good 
Execution ol it, has KcccfEurilv Occafion'd a greiap JSliUnc, for his ^m. Piety arid ocheri Vcrtues, tmly 
jfxpcncc even in this prcfcnt Vear.tho' not to much becoming a KtJbleoian. A»J)«4i|^^terfelly made 
ftsit will Require, and for which, I hope, We {hall aSacrilie of a great Eliate tso his^Jgioo, he lived 
be amply RtCompenfed in the next. . j in his Exile after 1L» Ex<-mplyy « manner, that juftly 

■' Tht SuUfKlIes whidt will now be immediately i gained him the cftetiii ufali.ihat knew him, 
jReouired Jor the AHiflance of the Duke of S/sf^r, ' 

wMllikcwile Orcafion a further Neceffary Charg^ By His Excellency }OSBP,H DVU LETE^ 

' ' I muft- rakelvlotice to y'HJ,Tl)at tho' no partitifer Captain Gem^al and Governotir in Ch^, in 

'Provifion was made in the laft SrlUon, either for Ac j and ovi r Her M;ijeftfcs Province oi the Mj^*. 
■Qjarge of' Our prefint Expedition to Ptn*bt(.il,''Or il»tjrtij-liaj In Nea>-E»patid. 



A PROCLAMATION rfW a General FAST. 



ifiT mat of the Augmentatioa Troops defired jsy 
Stdta Comtil. yet the Ponds given by Farfianiltet 
.liavehcld out io well, and the Produce of the Pr^s 

"hai! Pmvd Co Coniidtrablc, that you will hnd the T TP«i Co^drr/rtiea ef tit trtukifome Satt ffEuiope, 

.JPuUick will not be in Debt by Reafbn of either of } ^ ^ ret/on 4'tUCaUmit<uu H-'ars firbtrtiit ihtfe N*. 

thefeAddJckm-'-l Services. \ tisnt sre JiiMgn^ed antn^} tbemfehtt, and cf Hrr Ma- 

Itnay farther oblervc toyou^Thattho'theEonds '/cy?«; Creat and Juft Imrrejl therein : As Jfi etc frtfent 

V . . .- Or- 

.* i 



Courtesy of the Massachusetts H isiorical Society 
THE FIRST AMERICAN NEWSPAPER 
The front page of the third number of "The Boston News-Letter." published 
May 1, 1704. The News-Letter was a two-page paper, issued weekly. 



BOSTON ON M A S S A C H I' S E T T S BAY 

is restored as far as possible to the aspect of pre-revolutionary days, 
when it was the scene of those great town meetings, too large for 
Faneuil Hall. 

The impressment of Massachusetts men by the commander of his 
majesty's ship of war " Romney " was the occasion of the first meeting 
in 1768; then there was the long meeting lasting into the evening of 
March 6, 1770, the day after the Boston Massacre, which brought 
about the removal of the British regiments from the town. 

On the night of the Tea Party the townsfolk waited here until 
after dusk, while a messenger was sent to Governor Hutchinson in a 
last hope that he would yield to their wishes; and it was from here 
that they started on their rush to Griffin's Wharf. 

The orations commemorating the Massacre were delivered here, 
the speaker at the second anniversary being Joseph Warren, three 
months afterward killed at Bunker Hill. Warnings were posted by 
the authorities that "anyone making an ovation at that time, and 
especially anyone making any reflection upon the royal family, was 
liable to arrest and capital punishment." Notwithstanding this, and 
although the entrance doors, aisles and even the pulpit steps were filled 
with British officers and soldiers, Warren made his way to the pulpit, 
gaining access through a window in the rear. 

During the siege the old meeting-house was used as a riding school 
by the king's troops. The pulpit, pews and most of the inside struc- 
ture were torn out and used for fuel, and cart loads of dirt and gravel 
spread over the floors. The east galleries were fitted for spectators, 
and in one of them was a refreshment bar. The south door was closed 
and a pole fixed there over which the cavalry were taught to leap their 
horses. In the winter many of the precious books and manuscripts 
were used as fuel for their stove, Bradford's "History of Plimouth" 
and some of Winthrop's journal luckily being spared. 

PARK STREET CHURCH 

One of the early buildings in the city was the Granary, where the 
Park Street Church now stands, from which grain was sold to the 
needy by the town's agents. It was built in 1737 and was at first set 
up on the Common. The sails for the frigate Constitution were made 

[20] 



BOSTON ON MASSACH IT SETTS BAY 

in the Granary, and from it the Old Granary Burying Ground took 
its name. 

Its successor, the Park Street Church, built in 1808, is a fine ex- 
ample of Colonial architecture. Its spire, modelled after St. Bride's 
Church, in London, is one of the finest in the United States. William 
Lloyd Garrison, then not yet twenty-four years old, gave his first 
public address in Boston against slavery in this church on July 4, 1829; 
and three years later, on July 4, 1832, "America" was first sung — 
the Reverend Edward Everett Hale, then a boy, being one of the 
audience. 

The states of Washington, Oregon and Idaho were saved to the 
United States in this building. Marcus Whitman, a missionary to 
the Puget Sound Indians, addressed an audience here in the early 
forties, on the acquisition of this territory, and so carried his hearers 
that he was able to equip an expedition. He conducted the expedition 
through the Rocky Mountains and took possession of the tract, which 
otherwise would today belong to Canada. 

Beside the church is the Old Granary Burying Ground, at first 
called the South Burial Ground. The victims of the Massacre are 
buried here. The inclosure dates from 1660, and interred beneath 
its old elms are many of those men who made colonial history. Three 
signers of the Declaration of Independence — John Hancock, Samuel 
Adams and Robert Treat Paine — and a number of governors of various 
periods, Bellingham, Dummer, Bowdoin, Sumner and Gore, are 
among them. 

Paul Revere's grave is here, as is that of Peter Faneuil, and Chief 
Justice Samuel Sewall of witchcraft notoriety. The judge has another 
and better claim to fame, for he laid the corner-stone of the Old State 
House. Here also are the names of Otis, of the parents of Benjamin 
Franklin, who "lived lovingly together in wedlock fifty-five years," 
and of John Hull, the old "mint master," who, although his daughter 
weighed a plump two hundred pounds, gave as her dowry her weight 
in pine-tree shillings. 

Close by the Hancock tomb is an old slate marked "Frank, servant 
of/John Hancock Esq'r, lies interred here, who died 23d Jan'ry 1771, 
aetat 38." Another reminder of the old days is the grave of Benjamin 

[21] 



BOSTON OX M ASSACHUSETTS BAY 




KING'S CHAPEL 

Woodbridge, the young victim of a duel on the Common in 1728 — 
"dec'd July ye 3d, in ye 20th year of his age." 

This old burying ground was at first a part of the Common, being 
set aside in 1660. Facing it, on the present Tremont Street, were the 
Work House, the Poor House and the Bridewell. 

KING'S CHAPEL 

Down Tremont Street, on the corner of School, is King's Chapel, 
built in 1754 on the same spot where the first little wooden Episcopal 
church was erected in 1689. The land was taken in 1688 by Governor 
Andros for the church, as no Puritan landholder could be found who 
would sell for such a purpose. 

King's Chapel was the ofiicial church of the Royal governors, and 
many of their relics remain. The communion table of 1689 is still in 

[22] 



B O S T () N ON MASSACHUSETTS BAY 

use; several of the mural tablets are of the Provincial period, and on 
the organ in their ancient places are the gilt miters and crown, which 
were removed at the Revolution and deposited in a place of safety. 
At the time of the Evacuation the aged rector fled with the Loyalists 
of his parish, taking with him to Halifax the church registers, plate and 
vestments. Most of these were in later years restored. 

This was the first church in the United States to have an organ, 
given by Thomas Brattle in 1756. It was intended for the Brattle 
Square Church, which was named after its donor; but it was believed 
by that congregation that an organ was an ungodly instrument, and 
the}' refused to install it. The organ was then given to King's Chapel. 
In 1789 it was removed to Portsmouth, N. H., where it is still in use. 
In 1800 the church became Unitarian, the first in America, and the 
first concert of the Handel and Haydn Society was held here in 1814. 

The little burial ground by the side of King's Chapel is very nearly 
as ancient as Boston itself. In Winthrop's journal, soon after the 
beginning of the settlement, this record appears: ''Capt. Welden, a 
hopeful young gent, & an experienced soldier, dyed at Charlestowne 
of a consumption, and was buryed at Boston with a military funeral." 
And Dudley wrote that the young man was "buryed as a souldier with 
three volleys of shott." The earliest interment of record here w^as 
that of Governor Winthrop in 1649. Many of the Winthrops rest 
beside him; with them Mary Chilton, the wife of John Winslow, who 
was the first woman to spring ashore from the Pilgrim ship. Lady 
Andros, wife of Governor Andros, was buried here in 1688, with a 
night funeral from the Old South Meeting-house. Judge Oliver 
Wendell, grandfather of Oliver Wendell Holmes, is another notable 
whose tomb is in the shadow of the church, lying near "the bodyes 
of ye famous reverend and learned pastors of the First Church of 
Christ in Boston." 

COPP'S HILL 

Copp's Hill, in the North End, is an historic place. The members 
of the Boston Tea Party are interred there, also Increase, Cotton and 
Samuel Mathew, and John Eliot. Edmund Hartt, the builder of the 
frigate Constitution, "Old Ironsides," rests with them. 

123^ 




Conn, 
CHRIST CHURCH. THE "OLD NORTH" 



Wilfred A. French 



BOSTON ON MASSACHUSETTS BAY 




Courtesy of Wilfred A. French 
INTERIOR OP^ CHRIST CHURCH, THE "OLD NORTH" 



Opposite the cemetery there stood until recent years the old 
Galloupe House, General Gage's headquarters during the siege of 
Boston. Gallop's Island, in the harbor, is named from the first owner 
of that house. 

On the summit of the hill, where a century earlier stood a windmill 
which was used to grind the settler's corn, the British mounted a 
battery at the time of the battle of Bunker Hill, and with it set fire to 
Charlestown. Many of the stones in the nearb}^ graveyard show 
the marks of the British bullets where the idle soldiers used them for 
targets. 

Near the cemetery stands Christ Church, the "Old North," where 
were hung the lanterns that started Paul Revere on his ride to alarm 
the citizens of Concord and Lexington, the night before the battle. 
General Gage watched the battle of Bunker Hill from this same tower. 

[25] 



BOSTON OX M A S S A C H i; S E T T S BAY 




PAUL REVERE'S HOME 



This is the oldest church building in Boston (1723) and contains the 
first peal of bells known in this country. They were brought from 
England, where they were cast in 1744. The Bible, prayerbooks and 
silver now in use were given to the church in 1733 by King George II. 
Among the mural ornaments is Houdon's bust of Washington, the 
first monumental effigy of Washington set up in the country. It was 
placed here ten years after Washington's death. The figures of the 
cherubim in front of the organ, and the brass chandeliers, destined 
originally for a Canadian convent, were given to the church in 1758 
by the master of an English privateer, the Queen of Hungary, who 
captured them from a French ship on the high seas. The old clock 
below the rail has been in place since 1746. Beneath the tow^er are 
several old tombs, in one of which Major Pitcairn was temporarily 

[26] 



BOSTON ON MASSACHUSETTS BAY 

buried. The Sunday school was established in 1815, when no other 
was know^n to exist in America. 

From Copp's Hill can be seen, down the slope, the Navy Yard 
with its warships and docks and rumbling machine shops. It was in 
this vicinity that many of the old fighting ships were built — the 
Independence, Constitution, Wabash and Merrimac. 

The old home of Paul Revere is not far from Copp's Hill, at 19 
North Square. During the siege the square was a military barracks 
for the Royal troops, their officers occupying the dwellings around it. 
Revere's house stands on the site of the Increase Mather parsonage, 
burned in the fire of 1676. On the evening of the Massacre, Revere 
displayed a series of ghastly cartoons from the upper windows of his 
home. The big fireplaces and quaint low-studded rooms have been 
restored to their original condition, and many interesting relics are 
on display. 

BEACON HILL 

Beacon Hill, the site of Blaxton's little home, originally took its 
name from the beacon on its summit. This was a mast sixty or 
seventy feet high, set with climbing spikes, supported by cross- 
braces, and with an iron crane at the top. In the frame hanging from 
this crane a barrel of tar or bundle of free-burning wood could be 
placed, which when lighted could be seen a great distance inland, 
warning the inhabitants of invasion or Indian uprisings. Much of 
the top of the hill has been cut off, so that the present level is about 
seventy feet below the original height. The State House now stands 
on the top of Beacon Hill, on land used by Governor Hancock for a 
cow pasture. The central front — a fine old structure — w\as planned 
by Bulfinch, the American architect whose genius gave this country 
so many stately buildings. The great dome w^as originally covered 
with copper plates made by Paul Revere, but is now known all over 
the United States for its gleaming covering of gold. The corner-stone 
was laid by Governor Samuel Adams on the Fourth of July, 1795, and 
during the years additions have been made until it is now an extensive 
pile. 

[27] 




Copyright Eastern Aircraft Corporation 

THE STATE HOUSE 

The gilded dome of the Capitol is seen at the top of the picture, above the trees 
and walks of the Common. The dark spire of the Park Street Church is at the 
right centre edge. 



B O S T O N () N M A S S A ( H i; S E T T S BAY 

There are many reminders of early days to be seen in its halls 
and archives. Chief among them is the beautiful Hall of Flags, 
where the battle flags carried by the sons of Massachusetts are en- 
cased. The main stairway hall shows a number of paneled paintings 
depicting scenes in the history of the state. 

One of the quaintest souvenirs is the "Sacred Codfish," a memorial 
to the importance of the cod fisheries. It hangs in the Hall of Repre- 
sentatives, where it was transferred from the Old State House. The 
ancient token is of pine, and was made in 1784 to take the place of the 
one w^hich hung in the Old State House and which was destroyed by fire. 

Space does not permit a detailed description of the many statues, 
prints, paintings and relics. A complete guide-book should be pro- 
cured in the office of the Sergeant-at-Arms. 

THE COMMON 

Looking down from the State House balcony over the trees and 
walks of the Common, another stage of much of the old town's history 
is seen. Probably no other section of Boston is so much a part of its 
life or so valued by its citizens. Set apart in 16v34 as a "place for a 
trayning field" and for "the feeding of cattell," it is to be "public 
property forever." Since its purchase in 1630, its fifty acres have 
reflected the story of the years. 

It was on the Common that the forces that captured Louisburg 
were assembled, and here the troops that conquered Quebec were 
recruited by Amherst. It was the mustering place for the colonists 
before the Revolution. The British troops embarked from the parade 
ground on the night before the battle of Concord and Lexington, and 
the Royal forces engaged at Bunker Hill were arrayed here before 
they crossed the river. On the highest point, where now stands the 
Army and Navy monument, was the British redoubt during the siege, 
and British dead rest beside ours in the old Central Burying Ground 
on the Boylston Street side. Gilbert Stuart, whose famous portrait 
of Washington is in the Art Museum, is also buried here. 

At the foot of the hill, on the east side, stood the "Great Elm," 
supposed to have been old when the town was settled. This was the 

[29] 



BOSTON OX M A S S A C H IT S E T T S BAY 




Copyright Interfialional Film 



THE "SACRED CODFISH" 



scene of executions in early Colony days, a limb of the tree serving 
for gallows. The old tree was blown down in the storm of 1876, but 
in its place is a shoot from the ancient roots, marked by an iron 
tablet. Thieves, criminals and the victims of the witchcraft fever 
were hung here, and near it the Quakers were executed. 

Regulations were strict in those early days. To walk across the 
Common on Sunday meant arrest and the ''Cage." To whistle or 
sing in the street on that day was a sure invitation to the Whipping Post. 

Aristocratic Beacon Street was then known as "the lane to the 
almshouse." Bo3/lston Street was "Frog Lane." The cattle roamed 
at will over the Common, which was broken by several marshy- 
hollows knee-deep with water. 

In Colonial times it was said that the public herd of cows so near 
to Madame Hancock's mansion was very convenient for her, and that 

[30] 



BOSTON ON MASS A C H U S E T T S BAY 

a general milking took place when an unexpectedly large company of 
guests arrived at her home. It was not until 1830 that the use of the 
Common as a pasture was discontinued. 

Through the siege the British powder-house stood near the Frog 
Pond, that little sheet of ice so valued by Boston youngsters as the 
handiest place to try out a new pair of skates. It was on the Common 
that the Revolutionary boys had their slide, and at one time they sent 
a delegation to General Gage to protest against infringements on their 
coasting rights. It was then that the general said he believed it would 
be impossible to drive the thought of liberty from the minds of the 
colonists, as it seemed to be rooted in them from childhood. 

One of the picturesque memories of the Common is dated 1720. 
Spinning became a hobb_v, and the little three-legged wheels were 
brought to the green in many open air competitions. Young and old, 
rich and poor, the womenfolks came together to pit their skill against 
one another. 

On many a night the citizens have gathered there to celebrate 
their victories, from the repeal of the Stamp Act to the last Armistice. 
And on many another night they have gathered to consult and prepare 
against enemies of the state. It is a sort of public forum, where any 
citizen can find himself an audience on questions of the day. 

During the Civil War the Common was again the centre of a 
white-hot fever of recruiting and camps and bonfires, wdiile it is only 
yesterday that the big iron tanks rumbled over hastily constructed 
trenches to simulate the battle lines in France, and the recruiting 
offices and war gardens were in full swing. 

Book lovers w411 wish to stroll along the "Long Walk," running 
from the Boylston and Tremont Streets corner to the Joy Street gate 
on the hill, made dear to thousands by Oliver Wendell Holmes in his 
"Autocrat of the Breakfast Table." Those who care for our little 
feathered neighbors will find themselves covered with a fluttering rush 
of pigeons for the price of a bag of salted peanuts, with probably a 
half dozen squirrels to help out at the feast. 

On the old Parade Ground the Ancient and Honorable Artillery 
Company still holds yearl}^ its drum head election, and the school boys 
form their regiment. 

[31] 



BOSTON OX MASSACHUSETTS BAY 



.>»^-.--. - . ^StKKt^tt^Sa.. 




&^^^^^KB^i^L^*'^ ■v-.-*ibi.4y 




f^-4-^^i l-Z.^. 


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> -<^>;.,^ :^'--<- ^^-^ 


m ^^^'^ __*« ■- ^'jjgjw'' 








rr^fftHSHH^HHEL^ . > ".. ^ I 



Copyrighl Underwood if U nderuood 
A NOON-DAY CONCERT ON THE COMMON 

A block south of the Common, near what Is now the corner of 
Washington and Essex Streets, stood the ''Liberty Tree," under which 
the "Sons of Liberty" were organized in 1765. A tablet on the present 
building marks the spot. From its wide branches extended a pole, on 
which a flag was displayed to call the meetings of the little band. 
Resistance to the measures of the Stamp Act were planned here, and 
effigies of those who had aided in its passage were hung from the big 
tree. 

VIEWS FROM THE STATE HOUSE 



Visitors to Boston should climb the stairs of the State House dome 
for a view of the city. To the east is the white shaft of Bunker Hill 
monument, standing on Breed's Hill, and marking the place where 
Colonel Prescott's men lay behind their low earth-works — watching 

in-] 



/ 




Courtesy Boston Chamber of Commerce 
BUNKER HILL MONUMENT 



BOSTON ON MASSACHITSETTS BAY 



^ m^- 




^--^y^^"" 






-\v- 



Drawn from an old print 



THE "LIBERTY ELM" 



their red-coated enemiCvS advance up the hill and waiting to see ''the 
whites of their eyes." 

Twice the red lines were swept back down the slope, leaving 
the hillside brilliant with their fallen, until, without powder, and 
attacked on three sides by many times their number, the holders of the 
little redoubt gave way, covering their retreat with the butts of their 
muskets and homemade pikes and farming tools. 

Prescott's statue stands near the foot of the monument, and 
a modest slab marks the spot where Warren fell. The corner-stone 
of the monument was laid by Lafayette in 1825, and the oration was 
delivered by Daniel Webster. 

Looking to the south from the State House, you can see Dorchester 
Heights, where Washington erected the fortifications that forced the 

[34] 



BOSTON ON MASSACHUSETTS BAY 




Copyright Underwood er= Underwood 
FANEUIL HALL, THE "CRADLE OF LIBERTY" 



evacuation of Boston. When the morning of March 5, 1776, came, the 
British general realized what had been done while he slept. The new 
American position could drop cannon-balls into the town at will, while 
if the British commander led his forces out to storm the heights (and 
he would need all his men), our leader had reinforcements waiting 
behind the river that could then easily force the defences at the barrier 
on Roxbury Neck and take possession of the town. 

Abigail Adams, in a letter at that time to her husband, John 
Adams, wrote: "I hear that General Howe said, upon going on some 
eminence in town to view our troops, who had taken Dorchester Hill, 
unperceived by them till sunrise, 'My God! those fellows have done 
more work in one night than I could make my army do in three 
months.' And he might well say so ; for in one night two forts and long 
breastworks were sprung up, besides several barracks. Three hundred 

[35] 



BOSTON OX M A S S A C H r S E T T S B A Y 

and seventy teams were employed, most of which went three loads in 
the night, besides four thousand men, who worked with good hearts." 

As a matter of fact. General Washington had estimated the 
emergency with his usual foresight. Knowing that when the night 
came for the bold move the ground would probably be frozen, he 
planned to construct the main part of his defences with fascines. 
During the previous fall of 1775 he had a large squad of men working 
in the Milton woodlands, cutting and binding the big bundles of birch 
and swampbrush. These were removed to the shore and on the 
e\'entful night rushed to the Heights. 

That is, they were rushed for those times. The method of trans- 
portation was ox teams, with muffled wheels and chains, and anyone 
who has ridden in an ox team knows that it is no Stutz roadster. 
Nevertheless, they turned the trick; on the seventeenth of March, 
after a frantic grabbing together of Tory keepsakes, the unwelcome 
visitors departed. That they did not burn the town may have had 
something to do with a hint from Washington, who promised that in 
such an event the shot he was at that time withholding from the city 
would be bestowed on the fleet that was about to bear them away. 

FANEUIL HALL 

The first Faneuil Hall, "The Cradle of Liberty," was given to the 
town in 1742 by Peter Faneuil, to serve as a market-house with 
meeting hall above. The present structure was built in 1762, replacing 
the original building burned the previous year. The corner-stone was 
laid by James Otis and dedicated "to the cause of liberty," from 
which the old building derives its popular name. 

In 1772 the Boston Committee of Correspondence, "to state the 
rights of the colonists" to the world, was established here, on that 
motion of Samuel Adams which Bancroft says "contained the whole 
Revolution." In 1773 the "Little Senate," composed of the com- 
mittees of the several towns, began their conferences with the "ever- 
vigilant" Boston committee, in the selectmen's room. 

During the siege the hall was transformed into a playhouse, under 
the patronage of a society of British officers and Tory ladies, when 

[36] 



BOSTON ON M A S S A C H r S E T T S RAY 




Drawfi from an uld painting 



THE BOSTON TEA PARTY 



soldiers were the actors, and a local farce, ''The Blocade of Boston," 
by General Burgoyne, was the chief attraction. 

The hall is used as the armory of the Ancient and Honorable 
Artillery Company, and there are many interesting relics in their 
museum. The gilded grasshopper on the weathervane is the same 
that was on the first buildine in 1742. 



THE TEA PARTY 

Down on the corner of Atlantic Avenue and Pearl Street, is the 
site of old Griffin's Wharf, long since filled in, where the "Boston 
Tea Party" was held. From the Old South Church the citizens ran 
through the streets to the wharf, headed by a number disguised as 
Indians, who boarded the three ships lying there with their cargoes 
of tea, smashed open the chests and emptied the contents into the 
harbor. 

[37] 



BOSTON ON MASSACHUSETTS BAY 




Courtesy Boston Chamber of Commerce 
THE MINUTE MAN, CONCORD 

One of the funniest incidents of that night relates to a Captain 
Connor, "who had rip't up the lining of his coat and waistcoat under 
the arms, and watching his opportunity, had nearly fill'd 'em with 
tea." They caught the captain in the act, however, and stripped off 
his "cloaths" and gave him a coat of mud, ''with a severe bruising 
into the bargain." Now listen to this: "Nothing but their utter 
aversion to make any disturbance prevented his being tar'd and 
feather'd." 



There are a number of reminders of other days in byways through- 
out the city. A good example of the Colonial tavern sign is over the 
Bell in Hand Inn, in William's Court ("Pie Alley"). Another relic 
is the "Boston Stone," built into a wall on Creek Square. This is 
part of a paint mill brought from England about 1700, and marks the 

[38] 



B C) S T O N ON M A S S A C H IT S E T T S BAY 




APPEAL TO THE GREAT SPIRIT 
By Cyrus E. Dallin 



site of the home of Thomas Marshall, who came from England in 
1635 and was the town's first shoemaker. 

Marshall also established -and was the keeper of the first ferries to 
run to Charlestow^n and Chelsea. The "Mill Pond," long since a 
thing of the past, then came up to his doorstep, where his wherries 
were moored. 

On many of the roads leading into the city there yet remain the 
milestones placed there by Paul Dudley, born on Dudley Street in 
1675. The one in the Roxbury section, known as the ''Parting Stone," 
is marked on one side with Cambridge and Watertown, directing with 
the other to Dedham and Rhode Island. Boston's history is so 
intertwined with the neighboring towns that her story is theirs. 

[39] 



BOSTON ON M ASS A CHU SETTS BAY 



SURROUNDING TOWNS 

Dorchester, where the Suffolk Resolves first put in clear words 
the feelings of the colonists toward Royal oppression, and now a part 
of the city, was settled as soon as the city itself. The first powdermill 
in the country was built there, and a reprint of that time shows that 
when they wanted labor in those days they went out and got it. 
(Court Records, Oct. 13, 1675.) "This Court having ordered two 
watchmen from Dorchester and Milton to watch at Dorchester Mill 
and vnderstanding the vndertakers of the powder mill for the better 
diffence thereof are erecting a small stone watch-house at their own 
charges, on their request as being a publick concernment, this Court 
declares that the vndertakers of the powder mill may repair to any 
one magistrate who by the law is empowered to give warrant, to 
impress workmen to carry on publick works of which this is." 

Milton, across the river, has the record of the first grist mill in 
New England, of making the first piano in the country, of the first 
chocolate mill and the first paper mill. 

Here is another reprint, from the Boston News Letter of March 
23, 1769. "Advertisement. The Bell Cart will go through Boston 
before the end of next month, to collect Rags for the Paper Mills at 
Milton, when all people that will encourage the Paper Manufacture 
may dispose of them." 

Then there is Quincy, where the first railroad was built, and the 
birthplace of two presidents; Watertown, the seat of the town govern- 
ment during the siege; Dedham, Charlestown, Medford and Hingham, 
with their historic houses and landmarks; Cambridge, Salem, Somer- 
ville and Gloucester; Duxbury, where the home of Myles Standish 
still stands; Concord and Lexington, with their Bridge and Minute- 
man; Scituate, the home of "The Old Oaken Bucket," and, farther 
down, the old whaling ports of New Bedford and Nantucket. 

Plymouth is coming into particular prominence this year, for the 
Tercentenary celebration is to be held during the summer. The 
guides about the historic A'illage are to be lineal descendants of the 
Mayflower voyagers, dressed in the costumes of their ancestors. 

[40] 



BOSTON ON MASSACHUSETTS BAY 




Courtesy Boston Chamber of Cofnmerce 
THE "OLD OAKEN BUCKET" HOUSE 
Greenbush, Scituate 



ACTIVITIES 

By her early settlement, Boston was the mother of many of the 
arts and crafts of the colonies. The first newspaper in America was 
published here, a copy of which is in the library of the Massachusetts 
Historical Society, and here was the location of the first bank. The 
first paper money was issued here, to defray the expenses of the 
expedition against Canada. 

The first words over a telephone were heard in Boston. She has 
the oldest musical organization in the country, the Handel and Haydn 
Society, founded In 1814, and the first Y. M. C. A. ; also the first school 
for the blind and the first school for feebleminded. She was the first 
city to introduce free public baths. 

[-il] 



BOSTON ON MASSACHUSETTS BAY 

The first canal in the country, connecting the Charles and Neponset 
Rivers, and now called "Mother Brook," was cut here. 

One of the greatest blessings brought to mankind was the discovery 
of the overcoming of the sense of pain by the inhaling of ether. On 
October 16, 1846, at the Massachusetts General Hospital, the first 
public operation with the aid of ether was successfully performed. 

The Boston of today has ably backed up past records. The Public 
Library, with its many branches, its paintings by Sargent and Abbey 
and Chavannes, and its beautiful stairway and court, is the largest 
circulating library in the world. The Institute of Technology is the 
foremost scientific school in the United States, just as the New Eng- 
land Conservatory of Music and the Museum School of Fine Arts are 
the leaders in their lines. 

The Boston Symphony Orchestra is known to all — it has no rival 
in the country. The Arnold Arboretum, with its two hundred and 
twenty-three acres of trees and shrubs from every quarter of the 
globe, is the largest and finest tree museum in the world. The park 
systems with twelve miles of seashore, forty-five miles of riverbanks 
and over a hundred of parkways and drives, are constantly being 
studied by other city fathers. 

From a mercantile and manufacturing end, Boston leads in the 
textile, wool, shoe and leather markets. She makes and exports more 
chocolate products than any other city. She has the greatest fish 
pier in the world and the greatest dry dock on the Atlantic Coast. 
At Waltham are the largest watch factories in the world. 

As a centre of industry, Boston has the reputation of sending 
forth a more diversified array of manufactured products than any 
other community in the United States. She is the headquarters of 
trading for the New England district. With little more than 7 per 
cent of the population of the United States, this district produces 
annually more than 13 per cent of the value of the country's manu- 
factured goods. 

New England makes 40 per cent of the jewelry made in the coun- 
try, 48 per cent of the cotton goods, 50 per cent of the brass and brass 
fittings, 54 per cent of the boots and shoes, 55 per cent of the woolen 
and worsted goods and nearly 88 per cent of the machine tools. 

[421 



BOSTON ON MASSACHUSETTS BAY 




ourlesy Boston Chamber of Cotnmerce 



IN THE FENWAY 



Boston Is the clearing house for the major part of this industry, 
so it can be seen readily that the old town with its venerable 
*' Common" and "Sacred Codfish" is ali^'e to present-day needs. 



[43] 




Our route takes us out of the city by the Massachusetts Avenue 
bridge; when you cross the Charles River you are in Cambridge, which, 
but for a quarrel between Winthrop and Dudley, would havfe become 
the New England metropolis. 

Soldier's Field and the Stadium, Harvard's sport arena, are on the 
left, and soon after you come to Harvard Square and the College. 
This is the oldest in the United States, founded in 1636, and has 
many quaint and interesting buildings, halls and dormitories. 
Radcliffe, the "girl section" of the old institution, is near by. 

The first American printer, Stephen Daye (1638-1648), had his 
home near this square, on the corner of Massachusetts Avenue and 
Dunster Street, where he printed Eliot's Bible for the Indians; and 
across the Common stands the "Washington Elm," where the General 
first took command of the American army. 

On Brattle Street is the Longfellow house, built in 1759, for many 
years the home of the poet. General and Madam Washington li\ed 
here, and Edw^ard Everett, and Worcester — the dictionary maker. 

Beyond Cambridge is Somerville, where the Union flag with its 
thirteen stripes was first hoisted on Prospect Hill, Jan. 1, 1776, over 
the citadel that w^as the most formidable work in the American lines 
during the siege of Boston. The Old Powder House, on Powderhouse 

[45] 



THE ROUTE TO M ARBLEHEAD 




Copyright Underwood b' Underwood 
HARVARD STADIUM. CAMBRIDGE 
Showing fifty thousand spectators watching 
the Harvard-Yale football game in 1919. 

Avenue, Is where General Gage so enraged the colonists by seizing 
350 half-barrels of gunpowder In 1774. 

In Medford Is the Craddock House, dating from 1634, the oldest 
house In the country. The Royal ?Iouse, built in 1738, still has its 
slave quarters standing beside it — the only remaining structure of 
that kind in Massachusetts. 

The drive down the shore boulevard, starting at Revere Beach, 
brings you back to today, with its scenic railways and dancing 
pavilions and beaches alive with bathers. Tent villages of summer 
folks dot the route, with here and there picnic parties on the sands. 

Through Lynn, the great shoe city; past rocky Nahant, and 
Swampscott with its charming summer homes, you come to Salem — 
the scene of John Endicott's early landing. 

[46] 



THE R () r T E T O M A R R I. E H E A 1) 




Copyright Eastern Aircraft Corporation 



MASSACHUSETTS INSTllL ih ()F TECHNOLOGY 
Cambridge 



Here the witchcraft judges sat and condemned their victims to 
Gallows Hill. Here Is the old Custom House, where Hawthorne 
worked, and nearby is the "House of the Seven Gables" of his fanciful 
tale. In the days of our early merchant marine, the fast clipper 
ships sailing out of Salem harbor were known all ov^er the world. 
Their voyages sometimes lasted tw^o or three years, and when they 
returned, with their cargoes of silks and spices and rare woods, the 
whole town was at the wharf to meet them. 

If Marblehead was not the end of our trip, we might go on to Cape 
x'\nn and find every foot of the trip of Interest. Beverly Farms, 
Manchester — with its "Singing Beach," Magnolia, and at the end of 
the cape Gloucester, where the heroes of Kipling's "Captains Courage- 
ous" sail out to face the dangers of the Grand Banks. 

[47] 



THE ROUTE TO ]\l A R B L E H E A D 




THE WASHINGTON ELM 
Cambridge 



If you have any Bolshevist tendencies, tie them outside before you 
enter the town of Marblehead, for this Is an A Number 1 — triple X — 
All American village. 

Her marine regiment, the "Essex," with General John Glo\er at 
its head, was the first to be formed and one of the most distinguished 
fighting units of the Revolution; one fifth of the whole population 
was in the War of 1812; the Marblehead company was the first to 
answer, at the Boston State House, President Lincoln's call in '61, 
and during the World War the community was repeatedly cited as 
an example for its enlistments. 

One of the classics of the Revolution was the exploit of Captain 
Mugford of this town, who, in May, 1776, with his little four-gun 
vessel Franklin, captured the ten-gun transport Hope under the 
cannon of the whole British fleet, and took her into Boston with her 

[48] 



THE R O IT T E TO M A R B L E H E A D 




Courtesy Boston Chamber of Commerce 



LONGFELLOW'S HOME 
Cambridge 



cargo of fifteen hundred barrels of gunpowder and other munitions 
of war. 

Fort Sewall is on the extreme end of the point, where there has 
been a fort of some kind since 1634. The Constitution, after being 
chased for three days by the British frigates, took refuge under the 
guns of this stronghold in April, 1814. 

The Town Hall, erected in 1727, has been the centre of the town's 
inspiration for nearly two hundred years. Beginning with the famous 
old "Essex," the fighting men of the little fishing village have gone 
forth from this building. The many relics and souvenirs that were 
in the old structure, including that picture known all over our coun- 
try, "The Spirit of 76," have been removed to Abbott Hall. 

The rambling streets, the quaint and picturesque houses, are full 
of the story of old colony days. 

[49] 



THE ROUTE TO AIARBLEHEAD 






WT'''^K^M^^s:z^m^:¥rt .M^-^'-^^-mi^^m, 







Copyright U ndenvood is' Underwood 



REVERE BEACH 



There is the well that stood by the home of Agnes Surriage, the 
Marblehead beauty who left her home to follow the fortunes of Sir 
Harry Frankland, and the "Moll Pitcher" house, where that cele- 
brated seeress laid bare the events of the future. 

There is the Colonel Lee house, with its secret stairway and great 
colonial ovens, its walnut panelled hallway and hand-painted wall- 
paper brought from England. Here Lafayette danced the minuet — 
and Washington, Monroe and Jackson were guests at various periods. 

In the Gerry house, nearly opposite the North Church, Elbridge 
Gerry, Vice-President of the United States, was born. In later years 
the old house became the property of Captain William Blackler, in 
whose boat Washington crossed the Delaware the night before the 
battle of Trenton. 

The John Hooper house is another old landmark, and the Robert 
Hooper house shares its fame. Robert was a ship owner, with such a 
reputation for good rations that sailors were always anxious to sign 

[50] 



r H E ROUTE T O M A R B L E H E A 13 




From a pen drawing by C. II . 
THE WINDING STREETS OF MARBLEHEAD 
There is a quaint story concerning the house at the left. When Lafayette was about 
to visit the town, it was found that his coach would not have room to make the turn 
at that corner. The lower story of the dwelling was therefore cut away as shown in 
the sketch. 



[51] 



THE R () I' T E T D M ARBLEHEAD 




MARBLEHEAD. 



From an etching by C. H. Snow 
THE OLD TOWN AT SUNSET 



on his vessels. It was said that the crews' suits were always too small 
for them at the end of a voyage, on account of the quality and abund- 
ance of the food. 

St. Michael's Church is the oldest Episcopal church building 
standing in New England, built in 1714. The frame and all the 
materials for the church were brought from England. The bell was 
cracked when the news of the Declaration of Independence was re- 
ceived, for the new sexton — a returned soldier of the ''Essex" regi- 
ment — put all his muscle into making the "Tory Bell," as the fishermen 
called it, ring out in a good cause. 

The Powder House, on Green Street (old Ferry Road), was erected 
In 1755, at the outbreak of the French and Indian wars. 

[52] 




'THE SPIRIT OF '76' 



THE ROUTE TO M ARBLEHEAD 



s^^mmi^^^sf^SKmpmmmmi^i 




THE OLD TOWN HOUSE 
Marblehead 

Out on the "Neck" are the Eastern Yacht Club and many other 
fine modern buildings. The ''Churn," that throws the tides high at 
unexpected times, is a chasm in the rocks facing the ocean. 

The harbor, protected by the Neck, is one of the best land-locked 
havens on the coast and is the rendezvous of many of the New^ England 
summer cruisers. 



[54] 




Courtesy of Boston Chamber of Commerce 
MARBLEHEAD HARBOR 



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WAKEFIELD / LYNNFIELD -... 



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^^v:OV^^ I MALDEN 




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SWAMPSCOTT yW'aEACH BLUFF 
PHILLIPS 8EACM 
EW OCEAN HOUSE 



BOSTON 

BAY 



BOSTON 
HARBOa 



Heavy black line shows route of trip from Boston to Marblehead. 



THE PROGRAM 



THIRTY-SECOND ANNUAL CONVENTION 

OF THE 

HEATING AND PIPING CONTRACTORS NATIONAL 

ASSOCIATION 

HEADQUARTERS 50 UNION SQUARE, NEW YORK 
At the Hotel Brunswick, Boston, May 31 to June 2, 1921 



OFFICERS FOR 1920-1921 

J. E. Rutzler, President New York 

N. Loring Danforth, Vice-President Buffalo, N. Y. 

Harry G. Black, Treasurer Philadelphia 

Henry B. Combers, Secretary New York 

John T. Bradley, Sergeant-at-Arms St. Louis, Mo. 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS 

George M. Getschow, C//'a;7, Chicago Frank H. Meadows Milwaukee 

Harry G. Black Philadelphia Frank A. Merrill Boston 

N. Loring Danforth Buffalo J. E. Rutzler New York 

Joseph F. Gunn St. Louis \Y. B. Yan Sickle Cleveland 
J. B. Walker Pittsburgh 

(Monday, May 30. Advance Aleeting of the Board of Directors) 

(Monday Evening, May 30, Eight-thirty O'clock. Meeting of "The Old Guard" 
— Officers and Directors, past and present) 

[57] 



Tuesday Morning, May 31, Ten O'clock 

OPEN SESSION 
Singing of "America'' 

Address — Hon. Andrew J. Peters, Mayor of Boston 
Address — J. E. Rutzler, President 
Address — Hon. Channing H. Cox, Governor of Massachusetts 

Report of Board of Directors, George M. Getschow, Chairman 

Appointment of Convention Committees, 

Tuesday Afternoon, May 31, Two-Thirty O'clock 

Automobile ride through Boston and along North Shore to Marblehead Neck, 
thence to New Ocean House at Swampscott, where dinner will be served. 

Wednesday Morning, June 1, Ten O'clock 
OPEN SESSION 
Address — Hon. George \V. Cartwright, of California 

EXECUTIVE SESSION 
Report of Treasurer, Harry G. Black 
Report of Auditing Committee 
Report of Secretary, Henry B. Gombers 
Reports of National Committees 
Conference, William H. Oakes, Chairman 
Trade Relations, George Mehring, Chairman 
Standardization, Walter L. Fleisher, Chairman 
Membership, H. A. Snow, Chairman 

Wednesday Afternoon, June 1, Two-thirty O'clock 
Report of Secretaries Association, C. W. Sisson 
Reports of Convention Committees 
Unfinished Business 
New Business 

Wednesday Evening, June 1, Eight O'clock 
Dance, Informal, at Copley Plaza Hotel, Copley Square 

Thursday Morning, June 2, Ten O'clock 
Unfinished Business 
New Business 
Election of Officers 

Thursday Afternoon, June 2, Two-thirty O'clock 
Installation of Officers 
New Business 

[58] 



HEATING cS: PIPING CONTRACTORS 
BOSTON ASSOCIATION, INC. 

Headquarters: 6 Beacon Street, Boston 



OFFICERS 



J. W. Woodward, President 
Ralph S. Franklin, Vice-President 



W. T. Smallman, Treasurer 
C. \V. SissoN, Secretary 



R. L, Baker, Field Secretary 



H. E, Barber 

\V. S. COUSENS 



BOARD OF DIRECTORS 
F. W. Howard 

D. S. HUEY 



P. J. McMurrer 
T. A. Ridder 



Barber Company 
Bradlee & Chatman Co. 
Buerkel & Co., Inc. 
Cleghorn Company 
Coffin, Isaac & Co. 
Dolan, P. A. Company 
Franklin, A. B., Inc. 
Furlong-Whittemore Co. 
Hern, J. L. Eng. Co. 



MEMBERS 

Huey Bros. Co. 
Hurley, J. J. Co. 
Ingalls & Kendricken Co. 
Keefe, E. T. 
Lynch & Woodward 
McLean & Cousens Co. 
McMurrer Co., The 
Merrill Co., The 
Pierce & Cox 



Power Heat. & Vent. Co. 
Ridder, T. A. Co. 
Ross-Chase Company 
Scofield-Campbell Co. 
Stone-Underhill, H. «& V. Co. 
Stubbs, H. P. & E. S. 
Walker & Pratt Mfg. Co. 
Whitten, H. E. Co. 
Woodward, F. E. Co. 
Zemeir, F. W. & Co. 



CONVENTION EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 



F. S. Cleghorn 
J. P. Gall IVAN 



W. H. Oakes, Chairman 
P. J. McMurrer 

E. L. SOLLIS 

[59] 



H. E. Whitten 
]. W. Woodward 



The Heating and Piping Contractors Boston Association acknowledges its 
indebtedness and is deeply grateful to the following firms for their assistance and 
enthusiastic co-operation with its efforts to contribute to the success of the thirty- 
second Annual Convention of the National Association and to the pleasure of the 
visiting delegates. 

The Association regrets its inability to accept the proffered services of many who 
desired to co-operate in this undertaking and to those also appreciation and thanks 
are extended. 



American Blower Company 

American Radiator Co. 

American Steam Gauge & Valve Mfg. Co. 

James G. Anderson 

The V. D. Anderson Co. 
L. A. Couch, N. E. Sales Agent 

Asbestos & Rubber Works of America 

The Ashton Valve Company 

Boston Pipe & Fittings Co. 

Bradshaw-Patten Company 

Braman, Dow & Company 

J. W. Briggs 

Representing International Heater Co. 

E. P. Brock & Company 

Brown-Wales Company 

Dennis F. Burke 

A. M. Byers Company 

Carpenter & Paterson 

The Chapman Valve Company 

Crane Company 

Davis Company 

P. L. Davis Company 

Julian D'Este Company 

The Evans Mill Supply Company 

Federal Steam & Gas Supply Co. 

Geo. E. Gilchrist Company 

Gurney Heater Manufacturing Co. 

Wm. S. Haines & Company 

Hodge Boiler Works 

International Engineering Works, Inc. 

H. W. Johns-Manville Co. 

Johnson Service Company 

Johnson-Washburn Company 

Keasbey & Mattison Company 

The Lunkenheimer Company 



Mason Regulator Co. 
Massachusetts Blower Company 
F. W. Montgomery, Inc. 
Wm. J. Morgan 
Charles Morrison 

A. M. Morton & Company 

New England Iron Works Company 
Nightingale & Childs Company 
Norristown Magnesia & Asbestos Co. 
Open Coil Heater & Purifier Co. 
Charles J. Gunther, Agent 

The Wm. H. Page Boiler Co. 
Pierce, Butler & Pierce Mfg. Corp. 
The Powers Regulator Company 
Pratt & Cady Co., Inc. 
Geo. H. Priggen Company 
Richardson & Boynton Company 
Roberts Iron Works Company 
Ruggles-Klingemann Manufacturing Co. 
The H. B. Smith Company 

Standard Heater Company 
J. J. Gillett, N. E. Sales Agent 
Star Brass Manufacturing Co. 

B. F. Sturtevant Company 
Thermograde Valve Company 
V. S. Radiator Corporation 
W'acco Supply Company 

J. C. J. Wainwright & Son 
Walworth Manufacturing Co. 
Warren Steam Pump Company 
W'arren Webster & Company 
Waters Governor Company 
Geo. A. W^eld & Company 
John K. Wells & Sons Co. 



[61] 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



014 065 611 2 




